This is also how Community law is supposed to have arisen and, according to the trad
itional approach to international law, how its validity is supposed to take precedence over national law, either by virtue of transposition by a national implementing law (in the system known as 'dualism') or, ipso iure, as higher-ranking international law (what is known as 'monism').This rep
ort starts from the assumption of qualified monism. According to the prevailing doctrine of the primacy of the international legal order, one of the norms obtained
...[+++] by custom and conviction constitutes the basis for the validity of the legal orders of individual States. The latter are subordinate to international law by virtue of the context in which they come into being. Another one of the principles obtained from the basic norm 'custom and conviction create international law' is that international treaties (in other words, non-customary sources of law) must be complied with ('pacta sunt servanda'). Under another principle of international law, the law of States, which are conceived as the primary subjects of international law, is left essentially untouched by international law and that each of those States is itself competent to regulate the validity and scope of international law within its domestic sphere of influence and that States are entitled to develop their domestic sphere of influence inwards.Un autr
e principe du droit international, fondé sur la norme fondamentale "la coutume et la conviction juridique créent le droit international", veut par conséquent que les traités internationaux (qui sont donc une nouvelle source de droit, ne résultant pas du droit coutumier) doivent être respectés ("pacta sunt servanda"). Un autre principe de droit international implique que le droit des États, conçus comme sujets originaires du droit international, n'est pas affecté en principe par le droit international et que ces États peuvent réglementer la validité et le rang du droit international dans leur sphère de souveraineté nationale et, ég
...[+++]alement, qu'il appartient aux États d'aménager cette sphère de souveraineté interne.
