Translation of "Joint and several liability " (English → French) :

32. Calls on the Commission to engage in clarifying the legal restraints to the common issuance of bonds, especially Article 125 of the TFEU and its implication for three possible issuing modes: joint liability, several liability, and joint and several liability; urges the Commission to analyse the possible use of article 352/1 of the TFEU, or any other legal basis, for the implementation of a partial common debt issuance solution without a necessary Treaty change, including a surveillance and reporting framework, on the basis of Articles 121 and 136 of the TFEU, aiming at monitoring, on a quarterly basis, progress made by euro area Mem ...[+++]ber States and by the euro area as a whole towards a reinforced and genuine Economic and Monetary Union, as well as aiming at coordinating the issuance of sovereign debt instruments not covered by any mutualisation framework;

32. Calls on the Commission to engage in clarifying the legal restraints to the common issuance of bonds, especially Article 125 of the TFEU and its implication for three possible issuing modes: joint liability, several liability, and joint and several liability; urges the Commission to analyse the possible use of article 352/1 of the TFEU, or any other legal basis, for the implementation of a partial common debt issuance solution without a necessary Treaty change, including a surveillance and reporting framework, on the basis of Articles 121 and 136 of the TFEU, aiming at monitoring, on a quarterly basis, progress made by euro area Mem ...[+++]ber States and by the euro area as a whole towards a reinforced and genuine Economic and Monetary Union, as well as aiming at coordinating the issuance of sovereign debt instruments not covered by any mutualisation framework;

Eight Member States (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) have responded to the problems in the duties of the subcontractors as employers by establishing national liability schemes. The recent study of the Dublin Foundation has shown that in these Member States two main types of liability exist: joint and several liability (in particular as to payments to Inland Revenue), and chain liability which may be restricted to the direct contractor or covers the whole chain of contractors.

8. Takes note of the Commission's proposal for a directive providing for sanctions against employers of illegally staying third-country nationals, in which the Commission proposes the introduction of the concept of joint and several liability into Community legislation; welcomes the fact that in so doing the Commission has shown that joint and several liability as a European rule is a suitable instrument to guarantee that all subcontractors assume their corporate responsibility in respect of employees' rights;

Moreover, as an alternative to the system of joint and several liability provided for in Decision 2001/497/EC, the set now submitted contains a liability regime based on due diligence obligations where the data exporter and the data importer would be liable vis-à-vis the data subjects for their respective breach of their contractual obligations; the data exporter is also liable for not using reasonable efforts to determine that the data importer is able to satisfy its legal obligations under the clauses (culpa in eligendo) and the data subject can take action against the data exporter in this respect.

(19) Appropriate provision should be made to take account of cases where several operators have caused the damage including the possibility for Member States to either provide for joint and several liability or for apportionment on a fair and reasonable basis of the financial responsibility.