Translation of "Libraries and the law " (English → French) :

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - i2010 : digital libraries {SEC(2005) 1194} {SEC(2005) 1195}

Some people obtain information direct from the network, so that the proportion of total information accounted for by libraries' information services and other sources of information at libraries is likely to fall. This renders libraries' work as organizers of knowledge, including knowledge available through networks, all the more important.

Material which presents problems at libraries as elsewhere includes pornography, damaging information such as bomb-making instructions and deliberate disinformation. We have generally become accustomed to the fact that libraries contain only selected material, whereas on the Internet it is not possible to exclude certain types.

To libraries themselves, the significance of networking goes beyond inter-library lending.

It may be regarded as one of the biggest areas of unexploited potential in the library field.

This is also how Community law is supposed to have arisen and, according to the traditional approach to international law, how its validity is supposed to take precedence over national law, either by virtue of transposition by a national implementing law (in the system known as 'dualism') or, ipso iure, as higher-ranking international law (what is known as 'monism').This report starts from the assumption of qualified monism. According to the prevailing doctrine of the primacy of the international legal order, one of the norms obtained by custom and conviction constitutes the basis for the validity of the legal orders of individual States. The latter are subordinate to international law by virtue of the context in which they come into being. ...[+++] Another one of the principles obtained from the basic norm 'custom and conviction create international law' is that international treaties (in other words, non-customary sources of law) must be complied with ('pacta sunt servanda'). Under another principle of international law, the law of States, which are conceived as the primary subjects of international law, is left essentially untouched by international law and that each of those States is itself competent to regulate the validity and scope of international law within its domestic sphere of influence and that States are entitled to develop their domestic sphere of influence inwards.