Translation of "Understood " (English → French) :

It is understood that a mark may not be considered contrary to public order for the sole reason that it does not conform to a provision of the legislation on marks, except if such provision itself relates to public order.

Thus, the shape of drinks packaging constitutes a means of identification which is understood by the average consumer as an indication of origin and therefore as a trade mark.

An important consideration is to ensure that the Letter of Rights can be understood, even by a suspect/defendant with poor reading ability or a low IQ. The Letter of Rights could have a common Part 1 and a Part 2 to be added by the Member States to take account of national provisions. It should contain enough information to be useful but be drafted in a simple form so as to be easily understood.

(19) Whereas existing international co-production agreements must be interpreted in the light of the economic purpose and scope envisaged by the parties upon signature; whereas in the past international co-production agreements have often not expressly and specifically addressed communication to the public by satellite within the meaning of this Directive a particular form of exploitation; whereas the underlying philosophy of many existing international co-production agreements is that the rights in the co-production are exercised separately and independently by each co-producer, by dividing the exploitation rights between them along territorial lines; whereas, as a general rule, in the situation where a communication to the public by sa ...[+++]tellite authorized by one co-producer would prejudice the value of the exploitation rights of another co-producer, the interpretation of such an existing agreement would normally suggest that the latter co-producer would have to give his consent to the authorization, by the former co-producer, of the communication to the public by satellite; whereas the language exclusivity of the latter co-producer will be prejudiced where the language version or versions of the communication to the public, including where the version is dubbed or subtitled, coincide(s) with the language or the languages widely understood in the territory allotted by the agreement to the latter co-producer; whereas the notion of exclusivity should be understood in a wider sense where the communication to the public by satellite concerns a work which consists merely of images and contains no dialogue or subtitles; whereas a clear rule is necessary in cases where the international co-production agreement does not expressly regulate the division of rights in the specific case of communication to the public by satellite within the meaning of this Directive;

i(i) Articles 7 and 8 of this Directive two months after the notification date thereof, it being understood that the

(c) must not come from a holding which is the subject of a prohibition on health grounds and must not have been in contact with animals from such a holding, it being understood that: