Translation of "Approche par les coûts traversant le couloir inférieur " (French → English) :

lower-loop flow of costs approach [ lower-loop cost approach ]

lower-loop earnings-flow approach [ lower-loop approach | lower-loop earnings approach ]

It is a really complicated approach called the avoidable-cost test, which means that we obtain the cost incurred by the airlines industry and look at whether they are below their avoidable cost.

28. Notes that there are still gaps in sectoral and non-market based approaches, and emphasises the need, in particular, to address the production and consumption of HFCs under the Montreal Protocol; notes that there is a need for a comprehensive international approach to non-CO2 climate-relevant anthropogenic emissions, not least because the cost of reducing these emissions is lower than that for the reductions envisaged in the carbon sector, even taking the current carbon price into account; calls for a reform of the project-based mechanisms, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI), whilst avoiding ...[+++] any lock-in to high-carbon infrastructure through the inappropriate use of flexible mechanisms, which would increase the overall cost of efforts to achieve the decarbonisation objective, through the introduction of stringent project-quality standards guaranteeing respect for human rights and reliable, verifiable and real additional emissions reductions that also support sustainable development in developing countries; endorses, moreover, the Commission's view that sectoral mechanisms for economically more advanced developing countries should be agreed for the period beyond 2012, while high-quality CDM should remain available to LDCs; calls for any new international sectoral offset crediting mechanisms to ensure environmental integrity and incorporate climate benefits beyond the 15-30% deviation from business as usual;

After NAFTA, there has been this free flow of fruit and vegetables across the border and many apple growers and other soft fruit growers have been hit, because of NAFTA, by the dumping of fruit that is being sold below the cost of production.

According to that approach, the analysis of actual costs which would have been paid by the State shareholder shows that the cost to the State of the sale of SNCM at a negative price of EUR 158 million is lower than the actual cost which it would have had to bear in the event of the compulsory liquidation of the undertaking.