Translation of "Niveau objectif " (French → English) :

4 (c) The ð compliance ï consistency of the national or functional airspace block ð plans and local ï targets with the Community Ö Union Õ -wide and performance targets shall be assessed by the Commission ð in co-operation with the performance review body ï using the assessment criteria referred to in point (d) of paragraph 6.

38'. local performance targets' means performance targets set by the Member States at local level, namely functional airspace block, national, charging zone or airport level.

Question No. 140 Ms. Kirsty Duncan: With respect to development of the oil sands, its impacts on the environment and surrounding communities, and the economic effects of these impacts: (a) what, if any, steps has the government taken to establish air emission limits or air quality standards to achieve the World Health Organization’s Air Quality Guidelines to protect air quality and human health; (b) what, if any, steps has the government’s sector-by-sector approach taken to regulate carbon emissions in the oil sands to ensure the oil sands industry makes appropriate reductions in its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to contribute to Canada’s GHG emission reduction goal of 17% below the 2005 level; (c) what, if any, studies has the governmen ...[+++]t undertaken to examine the effect of the oil sands expansion on (i) GHG emissions, (ii) Canada’s ability to meet its GHG emission reduction goals, (iii) Canada’s contribution to the goal of staying below a 2°C increase in global average surface temperature, relative to the pre-industrial level, as articulated at the G8 meeting in L’Aquila, Italy and at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations through the Copenhagen Accord in December 2009 and the Cancun Agreements in December 2010, (iv) the full suite of sustainability criteria, including environmental, economic and social sustainability, and (v) what were the results of any studies identified in (c)(i), (c)(ii), (c)(iii), and (c)(iv); (d) what, if any, studies has the government undertaken to examine (i) the scope of oil sands expansion if the oil sands sector is not required to deliver its proportional share of GHG reductions, (ii) the impacts such a decision would have on other sectors’ allowable GHG emissions, (iii) whether other sectors of the Canadian economy would have to do more than their proportional share to reduce emissions, (iv) what were the results of any studies identified in (d)(i), (d)(ii), and (d)(iii); (e) what, if any, studies ...

I think increasingly there will be a challenge as the gap between the perception of risk and the statistical treatment of that risk, or at least the objective level of risk, becomes quite widened.

the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible cooperation by all countries, and their participation in an effective, cost-efficient and appropriate international response, in accordance with their common, but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities; the EU therefore looks forward to engaging with all Parties to the Convention in an open dialogue on what further action is required as a next step to move towards the ultimate objective of the Convention; the relevant Council formations should reinvigorate their efforts to integrate climate change objectives into their policy areas; recent scientifi ...[+++]c research and work under the IPCC indicate that it is unlikely that stabilisation of concentrations above 550 ppmv CO equivalent would be consistent with meeting the 2°C objective and that in order to have a reasonable chance to limit global warming to no more than 2°C, stabilisation of concentrations well below 550 ppmv CO equivalent may be needed; recent scientific research and work under the IPCC indicate that keeping this long-term temperature objective within reach will require global greenhouse gas emissions to peak within 2 decades, followed by substantial reductions in the order of at least 15% and perhaps by as much as 50% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels; in view of the global emission reductions required, global joint efforts are needed in the coming decades, in line with the common, but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, including significantly enhanced aggregated reduction efforts by all economically more advanced countries.

international emissions trading under which countries with targets will be able to buy and sell emissions credits among themselves; this will keep reduction costs low; the "Clean Development Mechanism" (CDM) under which countries with targets will be able to carry out emission reduction projects in countries without targets and count the achieved reductions against their own targets; this too will help keep costs low and at the same time assist developing countries in building their economy and social development on a climate-friendly path; "Joint Implementation" (JI) under which countries with targets will be able to carry out emiss ...[+++]ion reduction projects in other countries with targets and count the achieved reductions against their own targets; this, too, is a cost reduction measure that will help spread clean technologies.