MM. Garry Smith, Harold Wynne et Tim Harnagel, dans leur étude rendue publique en mars 2003 et intitulée «Examining Police Records to Assess Gambling Impacts: A Study of Gambling- Related Crime in the City of Edmonton», ont dit:
Dr. Garry Smith, Dr. Harold Wynne and Dr. Tim Hartnagel, in their March 2003 study, " Examining Police Records to Assess Gambling Impacts: A Study of Gambling-Related Crime in the City of Edmonton" said: