Traduction de «Réacteur de type industriel » (Français → Anglais) :

The basis for the decision to decommission Kozloduy Units 1-4 is the internationally recognised fact that Type WWER 440/230 reactors have serous design faults which affect their safety and cannot be effectively remedied at reasonable cost.

For the DEMO project, a technological experiment which should serve as a model for future industrial fusion reactors, the testing and validation of materials and technologies will continue and the reactor design phase will advance.

Research to underpin the continued safe operation of all relevant types of existing reactor systems (including fuel cycle facilities), taking into account new challenges such as life-time extension and development of new advanced safety assessment methodologies (both the technical and human element) including as regards severe accidents, and to assess the potential, the safety and waste-management aspects of future reactor systems, in the short and medium term, thereby maintaining the high safety standards already achieved within the EU and considerably improving the long-term management of radioactive waste.

As regards a twin-unit facility with the same WWER 440/230 reactor type, the figure, purely for decommissioning up to the ‘green field’ stage, quoted by the Greifswald-based German state-controlled company Energiewerke Nord is €434 m. From a total figure of approximately €3.1 bn for seven WWER reactors (4 x WWER 440/230, 1 x WWER 440/213, 1 x WWER-70), including waste disposal and final storage of fuel elements, it can be inferred that the cost for a twin-unit WWER 440/230 facility would amount to some €890 m. These costs were calculated according to a somewhat older price basis than the one used for Bohunice and fro ...[+++]m that point of view are consequently more of an understatement than not; on the other hand, because of site conditions, they cover treatment of fuel elements of a kind not needed in Bohunice.

We are not just talking about highly radioactive waste, about waste from reactors, from nuclear power stations or from reactors used in research, but also about radioactive waste from other types of application such as medical or industrial applications, low intensity waste.

Nuclear safety has become one of the main objectives of Agenda 2000 , which classifies nuclear installations in the applicant countries in three categories: reactors of Western design, for which the aim must be to maintain a high level of safety over the long term; reactors of Soviet design which can be upgraded to acceptable safety levels, for which upgrading must produce satisfactory results in the immediate future and, finally, reactors of Soviet design which cannot be upgraded and must be closed down definitively.