Translation of "Saut de potentiel " (French → English) :

The end point of the measurement and the exact volume of silver nitrate consumed are obtained:- either by drawing the curve and determining the equivalence point,- or by the following calculation:Where:V = volume of titrating solution at equivalence point; V2 = volume of titrating solution before the largest potential change; D Vi = constant volume of the increments of titrating solution, i.e. 0,2 ml; DD El = second difference in potential before the largest potential change; DD E2 = second difference in potential after the largest potential change.

In this example, the end point of the titration is between 1,6 and 1,8 ml: the largest potential change (D E = 44 mV) occurs in this interval.

This was intended to produce a qualitative leap forward in Community research and technology policy designed to: - promote the establishment of international cooperation structures at the pre-competitive RD level, - harness the latent innovatory potential of peripheral Community areas with a view to promoting growth, - and offset the stimulation strategies adopted by major competitors which impeded competition. Dr NARJES laid special emphasis on the Community programmes already in progress in the fields of information technology (ESPRIT) and industrial technologies (BRITE) and on the communications technology programme (RACE), which was ...[+++]at the preparatory stage, as particularly promising initiatives which must be developed further.

On the other hand, the potential for catching-up, or even regional 'leapfrogging', could be high in distant regions leading to new commercial activities and the emergence of service providers.

However, the stock of contingent liabilities is relatively high in many of these countries, and this creates the risk of sudden upswings in debt levels if government payments related to guarantees materialise.