Translation of "Théorie énergétique de la rupture " (French → English) :

The Commission today unveiled a package of energy security measures to equip the EU for global energy transition to address possible energy supply interruptions.

Solidarity clause: reducing the dependence on single suppliers and fully relying on their neighbours, especially when confronted with energy supply disruptions. With more transparency when EU countries make deals to buy energy or gas from countries outside the EU; Energy flows, as if it were a Fifth freedom: that of free flow of energy across borders - strictly enforcing the current rules in areas such as energy unbundling and the independence of regulators – taking legal action if needed. Redesigning the electricity market, to be more interconnected, more renewable, and more responsive. Seriously overhauling state interventions in the ...[+++]internal market, and phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies. Energy efficiency first: fundamentally rethinking energy efficiency and treating it as an energy source in its own right so that it can compete on equal terms with generation capacity; Transition to a low-carbon society that is built to last: ensuring that locally produced energy – including from renewables – can be absorbed easily and efficiently into the grid; promoting EU technological leadership, through developing the next generation of renewables technology and becoming a leader in electromobility, while European companies expand exports and compete globally.

The beneficiaries would also need to show that they (1) do not record debts to the general consolidated budget of the state; (2) carry out energy audits and implement measures to improve their energy efficiency; (3) do not lay off more than 25% of the employees and maintain activities in the European Economic Area; and (4) conclude partnerships with educational institutions in order to narrow the theory-practice gap, increase professional level and attract skilled personnel.

No matter which developmental theory you use, whether it is Beck's triangle of hating yourself, not seeing any belonging in the world and the future as being hopeless; or whether it is learned helplessness, where animals on an electrified floor that could not escape just gave up even when escape was possible; or Durkheim's anomie, where the effects on immigrants were studied who felt a dissonance between themselves and other people, a disconnection and isolation and the resulting depression and increased suicide rate that that brought, the effects of this hatred are profound.

This creates considerable problems at peak load times, increasing the cost of electricity and disrupting the energy balance in those countries.

An analysis of recent energy market trends shows that, apart from physical disruption of supplies, there is another cause for concern: speculative movements in anticipation of a potential disruption of supplies.