Translation of "sous contrainte physique " (French → English) :

S. whereas the pressures under which prostitution takes place can be direct and physical, or indirect, for example by means of pressure on the family in the country of origin, and whereas such pressures can be psychological and insidious;

T. whereas the pressures under which prostitution takes place can be direct and physical, or indirect, for example by means of pressure on the family in the country of origin, and whereas such pressures can be psychological and insidious;

Violence can be physical (such as punching, kicking, choking, stabbing, mutilation, disabling, murder), sexual (such as rape, any unwanted touching or act of a sexual nature, forced prostitution), verbal/psychological (such as threats to harm the children, destruction of favourite clothes or photographs, repeated insults meant to demean and erode self-esteem, forced isolation from friends and relatives, threats of further violence or deportation if the woman attempts to leave), stalking (such as persistent and unwanted attention, following and spying, monitoring of mail or conversations) ...[+++], financial (such as taking away a woman's wages or other income, limiting or forbidding access to the family income), and other forms of control and abuse of power).

The Committee has heard that Section 121 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act allows parole by exception to be granted to an offender who is terminally ill, whose physical and mental health is likely to suffer serious damage if the offender continues to be held in confinement, or for whom continued confinement would constitute an excessive hardship that was not reasonably foreseeable at the time the offender was sentenced.

In its 1987 report on sentencing, Sentencing Reform: A Canadian Approach, the Canadian Sentencing Commission recommended that a sentencing judge should be able to take such factors into consideration in mitigation of sentence, including evidence of physical or mental impairment on the part of the offender; the offender's youth or old age; whether the offender acted under duress; and any evidence of provocation by the victim.