Translation of "Technique du rumen artificiel " (French → English) :

In these second-generation models, the use of telematic tools and assistance from artificial intelligence based on mathematical models facilitate rulings on disputes through the systematic evaluation of the parties' proposals, in turn supported by IT specialists with equal capacity (‘intelligent interfaces’) in a interactive process based on standard negotiating patterns such as BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement), WATNA (Worst Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) and finally ZOPA (Zone of Possible Agreement). Examples of decision support systems include expert systems, systems of information based on previous cases, com ...[+++]puter database access systems (case-based reasoning or ‘CBR’ in international literature) and online dispute resolution based on the parties' different approaches to dispute resolution.

For animals which are artificially reared, commonly dairy calves, appropriate feeding regimes should be provided to satisfy nutritional requirements, and in the case of ruminants, to promote normal rumen development.

For animals which are artificially reared, commonly dairy calves, appropriate feeding regimes should be provided to satisfy nutritional requirements, and in the case of ruminants, to promote normal rumen development.

‘Polyploid organisms’ means artificially induced tetraploid organisms (4N). These are aquatic organisms in which the number of chromosomes in the cells has been doubled through cell manipulation techniques;

Whereas artificial insemination constitutes an important technique for increasing the use of the best breeders and, hence, for improving the procine species; whereas in so doing, however, any impairment of the pedigree must be avoided, particularly with regard to male breeders, which must possess all guarantees of their genetic value and of their freedom from hereditary defects;

Whereas artificial insemination constitutes an important technique for increasing the use of the best breeders and, hence, for improving the bovine species; whereas in so doing, however, any impairment of the pedigree must be avoided, particularly with regard to male breeders, which must possess all guarantees of their genetic value and of their freedom from hereditary defects;