Traduction de «Variation électrique » (Français → Anglais) :

Any variation in voltage shall be between 115 % and 95 % of the rated value in the case of electrical audible warning devices receiving direct current, or between 50 % and 100 % of the maximum alternator speed stated by the manufacturer of the alternator for continuous operation in the case of electrical audible warning devices receiving alternating current.

27. Notes that, in order to guarantee supply security, the development of RES with variable feed-in will necessitate a flexible balancing of fluctuations and a flexible back-up through an integrated and interconnected European electricity grid that allows cross-border trading, demand response systems, energy storage and flexible power plants; calls on the Commission to assess whether there is a capacity issue in the EU and to determine the amount of firm capacity that can be provided by variable RES in an integrated EU power system, as well as its potential impact on generation adequacy; agrees with Commission’s analysis that the devel ...[+++]opment of reserve capacity mechanisms entails substantial costs and may distort price signals; notes that there is an increasing need for a stable policy framework to provide economic guarantees concerning the availability of these reserves as well as for system and balancing services; rejects the concept of competition for subsidies between energy sources and calls for an energy market design tailored to the Union’s long-term energy and climate policy objectives, which makes it possible to integrate RES technologies into the internal energy market, but acknowledges that state aid has historically been necessary in the development of all energy sources;

Notes that, in order to guarantee supply security, the development of RES with variable feed-in will necessitate a flexible balancing of fluctuations and a flexible back-up through an integrated and interconnected European electricity grid that allows cross-border trading, demand response systems, energy storage and flexible power plants; calls on the Commission to assess whether there is a capacity issue in the EU and to determine the amount of firm capacity that can be provided by variable RES in an integrated EU power system, as well as its potential impact on generation adequacy; agrees with Commission’s analysis that the developme ...[+++]nt of reserve capacity mechanisms entails substantial costs and may distort price signals; notes that there is an increasing need for a stable policy framework to provide economic guarantees concerning the availability of these reserves as well as for system and balancing services; rejects the concept of competition for subsidies between energy sources and calls for an energy market design tailored to the Union’s long-term energy and climate policy objectives, which makes it possible to integrate RES technologies into the internal energy market, but acknowledges that state aid has historically been necessary in the development of all energy sources;

Health and safety conditions are dealt with compliance with requirements of section 4.2, specifically sections 4.2.16 (maximum pressure variation in tunnels), 4.2.18 (electrical characteristics), 4.2.20 (platforms), 4.2.26 (Fixed installations for servicing trains) and 4.4 (operating rules).

Besides compliance with these general requirements, the pressure variations to which passengers and railway personnel are liable to be subjected when trains run in tunnels, covered cuts and underground stations, and the air velocities to which passengers in underground stations may be exposed is to be limited; in platform and underground station areas accessible to passengers, the risks of electric shock are to be prevented.

It has an inhibitory effect on the development of connections between parts of the brain involved in higher mental functions. This has been demonstrated in animal studies by histological examination of brain tissue, and in humans by brain imaging studies, showing thinning of relevant areas of the brain cortex in affected users and differences in regional blood flow and electrical activity of such areas.