Translation of "disposition liminaire " (French → English) :

The problem is therefore not an iron curtain, which has not existed for twenty years, and it is not that the instruments available to the European Union are not being used in that region, because they are being used as I said in my initial speech.

37 As a preliminary point, it is necessary to examine whether the provisions of the TRIPs Agreement and the Paris Convention are directly applicable in the context of the present proceedings.

As a preliminary point the Court stated that the Treaty provisions relating to freedom to provide services apply to such a situation.

It must first of all be stressed that the Court of Justice reiterated the scope of the Directive: the Directive essentially restricts itself to laying down certain principles applicable to the patentability of biological material and the extent of the protection conferred by a patent for a biotechnological invention. The conditions relating to authorisation of the research (in particular research on human stem cells) or the exploitation of the patented products are governed by the applicable and relevant national, Community or international provisions [21].

In the interests of clarification, procedural provisions common to all cases brought before the Court should, therefore, all be contained in an initial title.

The primary reason for this is because not only should there be collaboration in the words that you have read, but also because the social union suggests and encourages it and puts human rights in its opening provisions.